Photosynthesis even at high temperatures: helper protein ensures the formation of chlorophyll
The metabolism of plants is also sensitive to heat
Plants cannot hide from extreme environmental conditions and have to quickly adapt their metabolic activities to different temperatures or light intensities. The numerous enzymes and regulatory proteins that are involved in the complex metabolic processes also react sensitively to the changing environmental conditions. Heat or high light intensity can significantly impair the function and three-dimensional structure of proteins and render them inoperative. In order to prevent this and ensure that the proteins retain their function, plants have also developed various protective systems that protect the proteins from oxidation, aggregation or structural changes. These also include chaperones, which act as supporting proteins and ensure that important proteins are correctly folded, that is, adopt and retain their proper three-dimensional shape.
Chaperone cpSRP43 protects enzymes against incorrect folding
One of the most important metabolic processes in plants is chlorophyll biosynthesis. Even in extreme heat or in the presence of strong solar radiation, plants have to maintain chlorophyll production in order to ensure sufficient photosynthesis for converting solar energy into biochemical energy. How plants achieve this has now been shown by Shuiling Ji, Dr Peng Wang and Prof. Bernhard Grimm from the Plant Physiology group at the HU Berlin Institute of Biology, together with colleagues from Caltech. The chaperone "chloroplast signal recognition particle 43" (cpSRP43) protects important enzymes from incorrect folding due to heat during chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Chlorophyll biosynthesis is made possible even in the presence of heat
It has long been known that the chaperone cpSRP43 and its partner protein cpSRP54 jointly support another metabolic process in plant cells: they ensure the transport of LHCPs (light-harvesting chlorophyll-binding proteins) through the chloroplasts and their integration into the thylakoid membranes. In in-vivo studies by using plants and in-vitro laboratory tests of the enzymes, the researchers found that when there is increased heat stress, cpSRP43 separates from its partner cpSRP54 and, in an independent action, protects enzymes that are important for chlorophyll biosynthesis. It ensures the stability and solubility of the enzymes GluTR and CHLH and its regulator factor GUN4, thus guaranteeing that, even at high temperatures, these crucial proteins are able to function consistently and unimpeded in the metabolic pathway of chlorophyll biosynthesis in plant cells.
“The decoupling of the chaperone cpSRP43 from its partner when exposed to heat and its autonomous function as a thermal protectant constitute an important regulatory mechanism in plant cells. This mechanism is essential in order for the plants to be able to adapt to changing climatic conditions,” says the leader of the group, Prof. Dr Bernhard Grimm, explaining the study results.
Publication
Shuiling Ji, Alex Siegel, Shu-ou Shan, Bernhard Grimm, & Peng Wang (2021). “Chloroplast SRP43 autonomously protects chlorophyll biosynthesis proteins against heat shock”. Nature Plants, DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00994-y
Contact
Prof. Dr rer. nat. Bernhard Grimm
Department of Biology
Plant Physiology working group
Humboldt-Universit?t zu Berlin
Tel.: 030 2093-98332